# Mitral Valve Area by PISA

#### Reference Values

 Mitral Stenosis Severity MVA (cm2) Normal 4.0-5.0 Mild 1.5-4.0 Moderate 1.0-1.5 Severe <1.0

#### Formula

$MVA = \pi r^2 \times \frac{V_{aliasing}}{V_{mitral}} \times \frac{\alpha}{180^{\circ}}$

#### Definitions

 r Radial distance from orifice when calculating proximal isovelocity hemispheric surface area Valiasing Aliasing velocity at the radial distance r Peak Vmitral Peak velocity of the mitral regurgitant jet α Angle between two mitral leaflets on the atrial side MVA Mitral valve area

#### Reference

 1 Baumgartner H, et al. Echocardiographic assessment of valve stenosis: EAE/ASE recommendations for clinical practice. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 2009 Jan;22(1):14, 17. Full text

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Developer & Illustrator: Sirikarn Napan, MD, FACC